Karapetian M.K., Kufterin V.V., Chaplygin M.S. Human Skeletal Remains Newly Excavated at Karanayevsky Kurgan Cemetery of the Srubnaya Culture
Marina K. Karapetian, Candidate of Sciences (Biology), Senior Researcher, Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Mokhovaya St, 11/1, 125009 Moscow, Russian Federation
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Vladimir V. Kufterin, Doctor of Sciences (Biology), Leading Researcher, N.N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. Leninsky, 32a, 119334 Moscow, Russian Federation
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Mikhail S. Chaplygin, Researcher, Sterlitamak Museum of Local Lore, K. Marksa St, 100, 453124 Sterlitamak, Russian Federation
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Abstract. Introduction. This paper presents results of an anthropological and paleopathological studies of newly excavated materials from the Karanayevsky cemetery located in the Southwestern Bashkortostan and attributed to Srubnaya culture. The goal of this study was to introduce new data from kurgan 2, as well as to compare this sample with the samples from other Karanayevsky kurgans, and with synchronous population characteristics of the region. Discussion involves skeletal material from 12 individual burials (nine children and three adults). Methods. Sex, age and the state of preservation/completeness of the remains were assessed. We performed a morphometric study, an analysis of dental morphology, description of pathologies and individual characteristics, taking into consideration the recommendations in the specific literature. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to test for the relationship between skeletal preservation, sex, age, and grave construction. A single cranium from the kurgan was compared with the pooled samples from the region using Heincke’s method. The Fisher’s exact test was used to assess the possible statistical differences in frequencies of dental non-metric traits between the Karanayevsky kurgan 2 sample and the pooled Srubnaya samples of the Pre-Urals. Analysis. The skeleton preservation appears to be related to the age of the buried, but to a greater extent varies depending on the depth of the grave. The female skull from kurgan 2 shows characteristics of European ancestry and has mesomorphic morphology with a medium or slightly weakened horizontal and vertical profiling. It shows similarity to the pooled Srubnaya craniological series from the forest-steppe subareas. The dental morphology observed in the sample corresponds to the archaic gracile variant of European ancestry. Osteometric data characterize adult individuals as representatives of the mesomorphic, moderately massive group with reduced or medium limb length. Like in other groups of the region, the sample is defined by the predominance of dental calculus and dental chips, some markers of physiological and mechanical stress and the absence of indicators of specific infections. Results. In general, the Karanayevsky kurgan 2 skeletal sample corresponds to the characteristics of other Karanaevsky cemetery samples, and is consistent with the results on the synchronous sites of the Pre-Urals and Trans-Urals.
Key words: Bronze Age, Southern Pre-Urals, biological anthropology, craniometrics, dental anthropology, osteometrics, paleopathology.
Citation. Karapetian M.K., Kufterin V.V., Chaplygin M.S., 2024. Novye paleoantropologicheskie materialy iz Karanaevskogo mogil’nika srubnoy kul’tury [Human Skeletal Remains Newly Excavated at Karanayevsky Kurgan Cemetery of the Srubnaya Culture]. Nizhnevolzhskiy Arkheologicheskiy Vestnik [The Lower Volga Archaeological Bulletin], vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 5-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2024.1.1
Human Skeletal Remains Newly Excavated at Karanayevsky Kurgan Cemetery of the Srubnaya Culture by Karapetian M.K., Kufterin V.V., Chaplygin M.S. is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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